Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the propagation of train-induced vibrations in the soil under the geotechnical conditions of the Kyzylorda region and their impact on nearby buildings using PLAXIS 2D numerical modelling, as well as to assess the effectiveness of vibration isolation barriers. The study analyzes the mechanisms of vibration propagation caused by train movement and develops a numerical model corresponding to the engineering and geological conditions of the Kyzylorda region. The vibration velocity and displacement parameters were determined at control points located at different distances from the railway line. In addition, the dynamic response of the building was investigated, and the effectiveness of steel barriers, trench barriers, and rubber-soil composite vibration isolation systems was quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that vibration intensity generally decreases with increasing distance from the railway source; however, a local amplification zone was identified within the 120-130 m interval due to wave reflection and interference effects. The 140-150 m range was assessed as a relatively safe zone.The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time for the Kyzylorda region, a numerical model of train-induced vibrations based on PLAXIS 2D is proposed, the effectiveness of geotechnical isolation systems is quantitatively assessed, and a residential building model considering vibration effects is developed.