Abstract
The article examines modern approaches to improving the reproductive performance of dairy herds based on the application of ultrasound diagnostics and differentiated hormonal correction protocols. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonographic methods for early pregnancy diagnosis and the identification of gynecological disorders in cows, as well as to analyze the outcomes of subsequent therapeutic interventions. The research was conducted under the conditions of a peasant farm involving a herd of 133 cows. All animals were maintained under uniform housing and feeding conditions in accordance with established livestock standards. It was established that, compared to rectal palpation, USG allows for the detection of a higher number of animals with reproductive disorders (24 cases versus 19 cases), and provides a more accurate assessment of the physiological state of the animals. Among the identified pathologies, ovarian hypofunction, endometritis, and follicular cysts were predominant. The application of differentiated treatment protocols resulted in the restoration of reproductive function in 79.2% of the affected animals. The highest therapeutic effectiveness was observed in cases of ovarian hypofunction (85.7%), while the lowest success rate was recorded in cases of endometritis (66.7%). The obtained results demonstrate the high practical significance of innovative diagnostic approaches in managing reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle production systems at the farm level.