Abstract
Magnetization roasting followed by magnetic separation can upgrade ferruginous manganese raw materials, but its efficiency depends on the iron phase state after roasting. This study clarified the phase state and distribution of iron in magnetic and non-magnetic products obtained from ferruginous manganese ore and concentrate after magnetization roasting and dry magnetic separation. The materials were roasted at 600–650 °C using Shubarkol coal as a solid reducing agent and then separated at a magnetic field strength of 1.2 kOe. Chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to relate separation results to iron phase states. The Mn/Fe ratio in the non-magnetic products increased from 3.92 to 10.87 for the ore and from 2.98 to 23.99 for the concentrate, while 76.25% and 88.26% of iron were transferred to the corresponding magnetic fractions. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that magnetite-type spinel components, including Fe3O4 and substituted (Fe1−xMx)3O4, were mainly associated with the magnetic products. Hematite-like and paramagnetic Fe3+/Fe2+ components were also detected, indicating incomplete conversion of iron-bearing phases into magnetite-type spinels. The Mössbauer-area-weighted fraction of iron in magnetite-type spinel phases was 76.5% for the ore and 64.36% for the concentrate. These results explain the different separation behavior after roasting–magnetic treatment.