Abstract
Due to the rapid development of digitalization, banks are increasingly vulnerable to cyber threats like hacker attacks, data leaks, and fraudulent schemes, posing challenges to transparency and sustainability. The objective is to analyze the main risks affecting the financial security of banks in order to maintain the stability of the financial system in the face of various external and internal threats. It discusses the main types of risks faced by banks and highlights the impact of factors influencing their security and stability. Research methods: structural and functional analysis; comparative analysis, which makes it possible to compare the financial threats of domestic banks with foreign ones; and analyzing statistical data to assess trends in the development of banks. The calculation of credit risks of the banking sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2025 was also given. Results – drawing on international experiences, the authors emphasize the need for comprehensive risk management strategies to enhance cyber security, regulatory compliance, internal audits, and stress testing in second-tier banks. Conclusion – The authors provide recommendations for minimizing risks affecting the financial security of banks, as well as improving cyber security systems, and strengthening financial security to ensure the resilience of the banking sector.