Abstract
This review article examines modern research on the problem of wastewater pollution from machine-building enterprises with heavy metals and the possibilities of their biological purification using microalgae. The main sources of industrial wastewater formation, their chemical composition and approximate maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants are analyzed. The limitations of traditional physico-chemical cleaning methods are considered. The work describes in detail the mechanisms of bioremediation involving microalgae, including the processes of biosorption, bioaccumulation and complexation.Data on Chlorella vulgaris biological characteristics, resistance to contamination, and high efficiency of heavy metal removal under various conditions are presented. A comparison of the effectiveness of different types of microalgae is presented. The advantages and limitations of microalgae purification in terms of environmental safety, economic feasibility and resistance to changing environmental conditions are analyzed.In conclusion, the use of Chlorella vulgaris for environmentally safe and cost-effective wastewater treatment from heavy metals is considered promising, and the need for further research in this area is emphasized.