Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of improving the efficiency of the traction electric drive of an agricultural electric vehicle operating under variable load conditions typical of agricultural transportation. The study substantiates the feasibility of employing a low-power (2 kW) induction motor as a cost-effective, technically robust, and reliable solution for mobile power systems. Particular attention is given to the operating characteristics of the traction drive under fluctuating loading conditions, which significantly affect the energy efficiency and overall performance of agricultural electric vehicles. A comprehensive structural and mathematical model of the induction motor was developed based on a proprietary implementation without the use of standard MATLAB R2020b/Simulink library blocks. The model was formulated using the transformation of a three-phase coordinate system into a two-phase stationary α–β reference frame, enabling a more accurate representation of the electromagnetic and electromechanical processes occurring within the machine. The analysis was carried out with consideration of transient processes, dynamic characteristics, and energy performance under realistic conditions regarding the influence of control strategies on the energy consumption of the electric drive system. The results of this can be applied to the design and optimization of electric transportation systems for agricultural applications, as well as to the development of energy-efficient control algorithms for traction electric motors.