Abstract
A BSTRACT Eryptosis, a form of programmed cell death in anucleate erythrocytes, is a unique biological process that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and in the development of various pathologies. Despite its morphological similarity to apoptosis, eryptosis has distinct activation mechanisms involving calcium channels, oxidative stress, ceramide, and specific signaling pathways. To conduct a systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying eryptosis and to assess its clinical importance as a possible treatment target for different diseases. An analytical literature review was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis included the articles in Russian and English containing the key terms: “Eryptosis,” “Suicidal erythrocyte death,” and “Erythrocyte apoptosis.” A total of 51 publications were analyzed. The key pathways of eryptosis activation were identified: Ca 2+ -mediated, ceramide-dependent, reactive oxygen species-induced, as well as signaling via protein kinases and caspases. A link between eryptosis and various pathological conditions – anemia, infections, and metabolic disorders – was established. It was noted that the regulation of this process can be achieved using pharmacological agents, opening prospects for its clinical application. Eryptosis is a significant form of programmed cell death with high prognostic and therapeutic relevance. Its study deepens the understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases and expands opportunities for the discovery of new drug targets.