Artificial Intelligence and Innovation in the Context of Social Development: An Ethical and Legal Analysis

Saule Kupeshova, Aknur Zhidebekkyzy, Raushan Unerbayeva

Qainar Journal of Social Science, 2026

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.58732/2958-7212-2026-2-83-105
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter – AI), along with increasing the effectiveness of innovation activities, increases the relevance of ethical and legal issues of its regulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the ethical and legal problems that arise in the context of the integration of AI into innovation activities, systematize international and national approaches to regulation, as well as assess the specifics of AI regulation in Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method, comparative analysis, document analysis, literature review and content analysis. The study comparatively analyzed the approaches to AI regulation applied by UNESCO, OECD, G7/G20, IEEE, WIPO, the European Union and individual states. The results showed that the OECD identifies 10 key categories of AI risks, including cyber threats, information manipulation, increased social inequality, privacy violations, and a lack of governance mechanisms. The study showed that the European Union has developed one of the most comprehensive approaches to AI regulation by adopting the AI Act, which includes 85 articles and a system for classifying technologies by risk levels. It has been revealed that most countries maintain an approach according to which the author of the results of intellectual activity is recognized exclusively as a human being, despite the active use of AI. It is concluded that it is necessary to form an integrated system of ethical and legal regulation of AI, ensuring a balance between the development of innovations, the protection of human rights and the reduction of social and technological risks.