Abstract
The article contains a comprehensive analysis of the formation, development stages, and the state of state financing of peasant (farmer) families in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article deals with the institutional aspects of the formation and development of peasant families, the specifics of the production specialization of peasant farms and the effectiveness of state support mechanisms. The article describes the evolutionary stages in the development of state support for peasant (farmer) families, which can be divided into four stages, from the post-Soviet land reform to the intensification of subsidization and the use of concessional lending after 2010. Based on the empirical results for the 2024-2025 period, the article analyzes the number of peasant (farmer) families (more than 251,635), the volume of state support (114.7 billion tenge, 20,739 approved applications), and the results of state support programs («Keń dala», «Agrobusiness», «Auyyl Amanaty», «KazAgroFinance» leasing), and the regional characteristics (north – grain crops, south and west – livestock and irrigation). The results show that subsidization and the use of digitalization technologies make it possible to increase the productivity of agricultural production by 3-5%, create more than 10,000 jobs, and develop rural infrastructure. However, there are some problems in the state support system, such as the unbalanced distribution of land resources, climate risks, and the lack of regionalization. In conclusion, the need to improve land relations, the wide use of digital technologies (UAV, satellite), the development of financial accessibility, the formation of cooperation, and the development of environmentally friendly production is substantiated. The results can be used as the theoretical and methodological basis for refining agricultural policy and further research.