ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AFTER ONCOSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Aman Berkinbay, B. Ashimbekova, P. Tasenova, B. Rustemov, A. Baymakhanov, Alisher Kozhamkul

2026

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DOI 10.52532/3135-3940-2026-2-718
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Relevance: Endocrine disorders after oncological surgical interventions are common complications that significantly worsen quality of life, metabolic status, and long-term outcomes in cancer patients.The study aimed to analyze current literature data on endocrine complications after thyroidectomy, pancreatic surgery, and adrenalectomy.Materials and Methods: A literature review of 26 publications indexed between 2020 and 2026 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases was performed. Studies investigating hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy, diabetes mellitus after pancreatectomy, and adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy were included.Results: Hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy developed in 29-37% of patients, while permanent levothyroxine replacement therapy was required in 23-27% of cases. A preoperative thyroid-stimulating hormone level >2.5 mIU/L increased the risk of hypothyroidism by 3.32-fold (OR=3.32; 95% CI 2.12-5.18), whereas autoimmune thyroiditis increased the risk by 1.95-fold. New-onset diabetes mellitus occurred in 9-38% of patients after distal pancreatectomy and in 100% after total pancreatectomy. Resection of more than 50% of pancreatic parenchyma increased the risk of diabetes by 2.63-fold (OR=2.63; 95% CI 1.41-4.89). Adrenal insufficiency after adrenalectomy was observed in 27-34% of patients and increased to 45-60% in the presence of autonomous cortisol secretion. Mild autonomous cortisol secretion increased the risk of adrenal insufficiency by 5.6-fold (OR=5.6; 95% CI 3.1-9.8).Conclusion: Postoperative endocrine complications require early detection and long-term follow-up. Monitoring of thyroid-stimulating hormone 6-8 weeks after thyroidectomy, HbA1c 3 months after pancreatectomy, and cortisol levels within 24-48 hours after adrenalectomy should be considered mandatory.