FREEDOM OF CHOICE AND TOLERANCE: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF UNITY AND HARMONY IN THE CONTEMPORARY MULTIETHNIC SOCIETY

Aigul Akhatova, Aigul Tursynbayeva

2026

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DOI 10.48010/7dhqd991
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The article examines the interrelation between freedom of choice and tolerance from a philosophical perspective. Freedom of choice is analyzed as a fundamental attribute of human subjectivity, exploring its relationship with moral responsibility, value orientations, and social conditions. Philosophically, freedom of choice is viewed as a primary prerequisite for the realization of personal identity, while its limitation affects individual liberty and social justice. In this context, the dialectical relationship between tolerance and freedom of choice is considered, emphasizing their harmonious development as a crucial factor in building a stable society. The article analyzes the historical and cultural characteristics of tolerance and its traditional manifestations in Kazakh society, comparing them with Western philosophical concepts, particularly Michael Walzer’s theory of levels of tolerance. It also explores the connection between freedom of choice, tolerance, and the principles of justice and equality. The research discusses the significance of freedom of choice for an individual’s spiritual, cultural, and social development, as well as its limits and its relation to social harmony. In this regard, based on Karl Popper’s «paradox of tolerance», the boundaries of tolerance are examined. In Kazakhstan’s multiethnic society, the issue of maintaining national unity holds special importance. Therefore, the article analyzes the interethnic harmony policy pursued since the country’s independence and the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. From a global perspective, issues of historical justice and public apology are compared using examples from Germany and Russia. In the era of globalization and digital technologies, the need to strengthen mutual understanding and respect among diverse cultures acquires particular significance. From this standpoint, the article considers the role of freedom of choice and tolerance in ensuring social stability and national unity, based on philosophical and political dimensions.