Abstract
In recent years, insulation materials have attracted considerable attention from researchers for their potential to serve as passive heating and cooling systems in buildings. However, incorporating these materials into building walls presents challenges, especially when it comes to selecting the optimal thermal properties, thickness, and placement of the insulation layer for both heating and cooling periods. This review study examines materials suitable for use in the Mediterranean climate, evaluating conventional materials and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) based on their thermal behavior, thickness, and position within wall structures. The study highlights the crucial role of the building envelope in determining heat loss rates. Additionally, it aims to promote energy savings in the building sector. The findings indicate that these materials not only reduce heat gains and losses but also offer energy-saving advantages and help minimize internal temperature fluctuations.