Abstract
The potential of sunflower hybrids has not yet been fully realized in production. One of the methods to improve the quality and yield of sunflower seeds is the optimization of cultivation technology elements, in particular the use of biological products. In this regard, the application of biopreparations in agricultural production is especially important and relevant, particularly under conditions of climate change. The studies were conducted at the “Sholan” farm in the West Kazakhstan Region. The experiments were carried out in field trials arranged systematically, with a total plot area of 100 m² and an accounting area of 80 m², in three replications. The replication of the experiment, the size and layout of plots during sowing, the organization of phenological observations, and the recording of sunflower growth and development (plant height, density, and yield structure analysis) were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods. The use of biological products not only increases seed yield and oil content but also promotes stable and sustainable plant development. Accordingly, the introduction of such methods into agronomic practice can significantly increase crop productivity and improve the economic efficiency of cultivating high-yielding sunflower hybrids. And the minimum leaf area was observed in the Vanguard hybrid in a version without the use of biologically active substances and amounted to 25.86 thousand m2/ha. When considering hybrids, the minimum value of the leaf area was observed in the avant–garde hybrid and in the flowering phase was in the range of 25.86-28.49 thousand m2/ha. In the Duncan hybrid, this figure was formed in the range of 26.31–28.92 thousand m2/ha, and in the Pioneer 130 hybrid–26.63-29.24 thousand m2/ha. According to the research results, under the Master-S biopreparation treatment, the yield of the Avangard hybrid was 2.21 t/ha, Duncan – 2.30 t/ha, and Pioneer 130 – 2.43 t/ha. Under the Florgumat treatment, the highest average yield was obtained from the Pioneer 130 hybrid – 2.54 t/ha, which is 0.17 t/ha higher than Avangard and 0.09 t/ha higher than Duncan. Based on the research findings, under the conditions of Zone 1 of the West Kazakhstan Region, the use of Pioneer 130 and Duncan hybrids, as well as the application of the Flor Gumat biopreparation to crops, is recommended to obtain high, high-quality, and stable sunflower yields.