Abstract
As Vietnam and Kazakhstan deepen their cooperation in trade, investment, and digital transformation, the protection of personal data has become an important legal prerequisite for building digital trust and facilitating cross-border data flows. This article examines and compares the legal frameworks governing personal data protection in the two countries in light of international standards, including the GDPR, the OECD Privacy Guidelines, and the APEC Privacy Framework. Significant differences remain between the two countries in terms of regulatory measures. Vietnam has developed a more comprehensive and rights-oriented framework, whereas Kazakhstan places greater emphasis on data sovereignty and localization. The article argues that stronger accountability mechanisms, improved enforcement, and greater regulatory harmonization are necessary to enhance digital trust and support sustainable digital economic cooperation between the two countries.