Abstract
The formation of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in oil wells is one of the most challenging problems in the oil production industry. This paper comprehensively examines the causes of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposit (ARPD) formation in oil wells and the methods used to control them. Field experience indicates that paraffin deposition in tubing strings accounts for approximately 30–35% of well shutdowns for routine maintenance and workover operations. The formation of ARPD is primarily influenced by the compositional characteristics of crude oil, as well as by factors such as temperature decline, pressure reduction accompanied by dissolved gas liberation (degassing), and surface irregularities on the inner walls of the tubing. The paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical, thermal, chemical, and emerging methods for mitigating these flow assurance challenges in oil wells. Based on the case study of the “X” oil and gas field, it was determined that the most effective and economically feasible approach to ARPD control is the combined application of chemical and thermal treatment methods. The use of solvents and chemical inhibitors is recommended as the primary chemical treatment technique. Furthermore, the study provides a scientific rationale for implementing innovative technologies, including the combination of thermal radiation and mechanical scrapers for deposit removal, as well as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems aimed at optimizing the frequency of cleaning operations. The financial costs associated with well maintenance and paraffin removal remain substantial. Improper application of conventional paraffin control methods may result in the downward displacement of deposits along the wellbore and the formation of secondary deposits, which can cause downhole pump sticking and failure. These challenges demonstrate that existing ARPD mitigation technologies still require further improvement and technological advancement.