KENESARY KASYMULY AND YESET KOTIBARULY: ANALYSIS OF THE CONNECTION AND CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN TWO LEADERS OF THE NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT

Samat Kurmanalin

2026

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DOI 10.62724/202620104
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

This article examines the relationship and contradictions between two major national liberation movements in 19th-century Kazakhstan – the uprisings led by Kenesary Kasymov (1837-1847) and Yeset Kotibarov (1847-1858). The study aims to reconstruct the actual nature of the relationship between the two leaders by analyzing conflicting historiographical perspectives. The author provides a critical analysis of the concepts of "tribal insularity" and "parochialism" that predominated in Soviet historiography), while also considering the opposing viewpoint of A. Ryazanov. The research demonstrates that both connections and contradictions existed between the two leaders. The study identifies common features of both movements as well as their differences. The scientific inadequacy of the "tribal insularity" concept that dominated Soviet historiography is substantiated. The primary cause of the contradictions is identified as the different strategic choices made by the two leaders. Yeset Kotibaruly's uprising is characterized as a direct continuation of the national liberation struggle initiated by Kenesary Kasymuly.