Abstract
This study examines fixed expressions, including phraseological units, proverbs, and sayings, in three languages: Kazakh, Turkish, and Russian. The aim of the research is to identify semantic parallels and differences among these languages and to explore the cultural and cognitive features reflected in their fixed expressions. Comparative analysis of such linguistic units makes it possible to reveal shared mental patterns, common cognitive processes, and aspects of the life experience of different peoples. Fixed expressions were selected as the object of study because they provide valuable material for comparing semantic content, stylistic features, and structural models of linguistic expression. They also serve as important carriers of cultural values, folk wisdom, beliefs, everyday practices, and elements of national identity. The study employs a combination of research methods, including semantic, structural, and linguistic contrastive analysis of fixed expressions in the three languages, as well as an examination of their functioning in folk and literary discourse. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a survey was conducted among students studying Kazakh, Russian, and Turkish, and contemporary lexicographic sources were analyzed. The results demonstrate that fixed expressions preserve the expressive potential of national languages and continue to function as markers of cultural identity and national values. At the same time, they reveal universal patterns in the perception and evaluation of human character, behavior, and activity. The study highlights the relevance of comparative phraseological research in the context of globalization and growing intercultural contacts, particularly in light of the increasing international interest in the Kazakh language and culture.