Abstract
This paper presents a systematic analysis of the factors determining the efficiency of oilfield wastewater treatment and a comparative study of the principal treatment technologies, including mechanical, physicochemical, biological, and membrane-based methods. The main contaminants of oilfield wastewater were examined, including petroleum hydrocarbons, suspended solids, heavy metals, dissolved salts, and organic compounds. The treatment efficiency of each method was evaluated in terms of the degree of petroleum product removal. The study established that treatment performance is significantly influenced by the composition of produced water, reservoir pressure and temperature, pH level, and water mineralization. The necessity of applying integrated and combined treatment technologies to achieve regulatory wastewater quality standards was substantiated. For oil and gas condensate fields characterized by the production of high-sulfur crude oil and a high gas-oil ratio, an effective sequence of treatment operations is proposed. Recommendations for optimizing water treatment systems under the conditions of domestic oil and gas fields are also presented.