Abstract
The article examines current trends in the development of geopolymer and non-clinker binder materials used in the construction industry. Special attention is given to the effective utilization of industrial by-products such as fly ash, slag, microsilica, and calcined kaolin generated in the metallurgical and energy sectors. The physicochemical characteristics of geopolymer formation, the influence of the composition and modulus of alkaline activators, as well as the effect of curing regimes on structure formation and mechanical properties of the materials are analyzed. The research results show that, with optimal selection of technological parameters, composites with high strength, water resistance, and frost resistance can be obtained. Environmental aspects are also considered, including the reduction of CO₂ emissions and recycling of industrial waste. It is emphasized that the significant reserves of ash and slag materials in Kazakhstan make this direction promising from both scientific and industrial perspectives. Geopolymer binders are regarded as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient alternative to traditional Portland cement, contributing to the development of sustainable construction materials.