Abstract
The paper addresses the problem of electromagnetic field (EMF) monitoring in urban environments under conditions of increasing telecommunication infrastructure density and Smart City development. The limitations of conventional measurement methods and stationary IoT-based monitoring systems in forming a spatially comprehensive representation of EMF distribution are analyzed. A concept of a hybrid monitoring system integrating IoT sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed, combining long-term fixed-point observations with mobile spatial surveys and 3D mapping capabilities. The regulatory framework of EMF compliance is considered with reference to ICNIRP guidelines and national sanitary regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Possible application scenarios of the hybrid architecture for sanitary control and Smart City tasks are presented. The proposed approach is aimed at improving the spatial representativeness of monitoring and supporting compliance assessment procedures.