Abstract
Skarn iron ore deposits represent a significant component of the global iron resource base, yet their development is commonly associated with substantial environmental disturbance due to large-scale open-pit mining. This study presents an integrated geological and geoecological assessment of the Zhuantobe skarn iron ore deposit (Central Kazakhstan), focusing on the relationship between ore-forming processes and environmental response under active mining conditions. The research combines geological, mineralogical, geochemical, geophysical, and long-term environmental monitoring datasets (2018–2025). Ore bodies are characterized by complex morphology controlled by fault systems and multistage skarn evolution, including prograde (garnet–pyroxene) and retrograde (magnetite–sulfide) assemblages. Environmental monitoring indicates a systematic reduction in anthropogenic impact, including a decrease in dust load (>40%), soil iron content (~40%), and CO₂ emissions (~35%). The results demonstrate that the implementation of integrated environmental protection measures effectively stabilizes environmental parameters within permissible limits. The study provides a framework linking geological structure with environmental performance and proposes a set of transferable strategies for sustainable development of skarn iron ore deposits.