Wild-Growing Species of the Genus Ribes L. in Central Kazakhstan: Bioecological Characteristics

M.B. Zhanayeva, Alexander I. Shmakov

2026

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DOI 10.31489/2026feb2/137-151
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The genus Ribes L.(Grossulariaceae) comprises numerous species of ecological, nutritional, and medicinal importance that are widely distributed across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Central Kazakhstan represents a biogeographically complex area characterized by diverse landscapes and heterogeneous environmental conditions; however, information on wild-growing Ribes species in this region remains fragmented and insufficiently systematized. This review aims to synthesize and critically evaluate the available literature on the bioecological characteristics, phytochemical composition, and research prospects of wild Ribes species occurring in Central Kazakhstan, with particular focus on Ribes aciculare Pall., Ribes nigrum L., and representatives of the Ribes saxatile species complex. The review is based on an analysis of regional floristic sources, ecological studies, and phytochemical investigations published in international and regional scientific journals. Data on species distribution, habitat preferences, phenology, and ecological adaptations are summarized, together with information on major groups of bioactive compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, and vitamins. Most phytochemical studies of the genus Ribes have focused on Ribes nigrum, which remains the best-studied species. In contrast, information on other wild Ribes taxa remains limited and scattered across different publications, making comprehensive evaluation difficult. Taxonomic uncertainties within the Ribes saxatile species complex further complicate regional research and highlight the importance of accurate species identification. The existing literature also reveals several important gaps, particularly regarding region-specific phytochemical characteristics, ecological variation among natural populations, and the influence of environmental factors on secondary metabolite accumulation. Further research integrating bioecological and phytochemical approaches is necessary to better understand wild Ribes diversity and support the sustainable use of these species in Central Kazakhstan.