Abstract
The article briefly describes: a) the role and place of computational and instrumental methods of retrospective dosimetry, developed and implemented with the participation of specialists from the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in assessing the consequences of the Chernobyl accident for the population living in the territories of the Russian Federation contaminated with radionuclides; b) the subsequent development of retrospective dosimetry technologies in application to oncoradiology – for in vivo dosimetry in brachytherapy of malignant tumors of various localizations and for dosimetry of internal irradiation of tumor formations and organs at risk during radionuclide therapy. This brief analytical review demonstrates the conversion of retrospective dosimetry methods developed in response to the extreme challenges of a large-scale radiological accident into instrumental and computational technologies for dosimetry of foci and organs at risk in patients, intended for systematic use in oncoradiology – with the aim of providing dosimetric guarantees of the quality and safety of brachytherapy and radionuclide therapy methods for malignant neoplasms.