Abstract
A BSTRACT Infection control and hygiene practices constitute a critical component of modern healthcare systems, playing a fundamental role in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections and the protection of patient safety. Despite significant advances in medical technologies, healthcare-associated infections remain a persistent global public health challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings is closely associated with inadequate hygiene practices, including poor hand hygiene, insufficient environmental sanitation, and improper use of personal protective equipment. This study provides a comprehensive overview of infection control and hygiene practices in healthcare settings, focusing on their role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. By synthesizing current scientific evidence and epidemiological data, the analysis highlights key determinants influencing infection transmission and identifies critical gaps in hygiene compliance. Particular emphasis is placed on hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and adherence to infection prevention protocols, which are recognized as essential measures in reducing infection rates. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening infection control programs, improving compliance among healthcare workers, and enhancing public health policies aimed at reducing healthcare-associated infections. A comprehensive and integrated approach to hygiene practices is essential for improving healthcare quality, ensuring patient safety, and minimizing the global burden of infectious diseases.