Abstract
Abstract This study explores the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the military sector, focusing on its influence on warfare, strategic management, and national security policy, with Kazakhstan as a case study. The research assessed AI’s role in military evolution, strategic positioning, and related risks and opportunities. The methodology included content and institutional analysis, discursive reconstruction, and conceptual modelling based on strategic documents and international agreements. Findings reveal that AI has created a new warfare paradigm where information dominance, algorithmic superiority, and autonomous systems are crucial. The United States focuses on innovation within democratic norms, China emphasizes military-civil integration, and the EU leads in ethical frameworks. Kazakhstan, however, remains technologically reliant on China and Russia, lacking a national strategy for military AI, which weakens its sovereignty. The study concludes that sustainable security requires integrating ethics, technology, and global regulation, offering a foundation for Kazakhstan’s policy on military AI.