Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties and hydrocarbon composition of CPC Blend crude oil transported through the pipeline Caspian Pipeline Consortium – Kazakhstan (CPC-K). The mechanisms of asphaltene–resin–paraffin deposit (ARPD) formation under temperature decline and varying hydrodynamic conditions are investigated. The high paraffin content (45–55 wt.%) is shown to intensify wax crystallization, increase viscosity, deteriorate rheological behavior, and reduce pipeline throughput. These effects lead to operational complications, higher energy consumption, and potential partial or complete flow blockage. A comparative technical and economic assessment of three key export routes—CPC-K, Atyrau–Samara, and Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan—was conducted, considering throughput capacity, actual pumping volumes, feedstock base, and their importance for refining markets. CPC Blend is highlighted as a light, low-sulfur crude with a high yield of light fractions, making it attractive for reforming and hydrocracking processes. The results emphasize the need for continuous deposit monitoring and preventive measures, including pour-point depressants, thermo-chemical treatment, and pipeline cleaning, to improve the reliability and efficiency of crude oil transportation.