Abstract
Chloroplast genomes provide important insights into plant phylogeny, genome evolution, and molecular marker development. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the complete chloroplast genomes of two endemic species from Uzbekistan, Astragalus nuratensis and Oxytropis pseudorosea. Genome skimming produced high-quality paired-end reads, yielding mean chloroplast sequencing depths of 638.13× for Astragalus nuratensis and 1,725.34× for Oxytropis pseudorosea , respectively. The chloroplast genomes were 122,316 bp in A. nuratensis and 122,708 bp in O. pseudorosea. Both genomes encoded 110 unique genes, including 76 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Consistent with members of the inverted repeat–lacking clade of Fabaceae, both species lacked the typical inverted repeat regions, resulting in a single-copy genome structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on 119 complete chloroplast genomes resolved major lineages within Astragalus and related genera with strong support. Astragalus nuratensis was placed within the Phaca clade, while Oxytropis pseudorosea formed part of a distinct Oxytropis lineage. These results provide new genomic resources for understanding evolutionary relationships and plastome evolution in Central Asian legumes.