Abstract
A BSTRACT Bioactive glass (bioglass) has emerged as a versatile dental biomaterial with significant potential in preventive, restorative, and regenerative dentistry. Originally developed by Larry L. Hench, bioglass is characterized by its ability to interact dynamically with biological fluids, leading to ion release and the formation of an apatite-like layer on dental tissues. This mini-review summarizes the composition, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of bioglass in dentistry. Upon exposure to saliva or dentinal fluid, bioglass undergoes rapid ion exchange, releasing calcium, phosphate, and silicate ions, which promote the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite or fluorapatite. These processes contribute to dentin tubule occlusion, enamel remineralization, and enhanced resistance to acid dissolution. Clinically, bioglass is widely used in dentifrices for dentin hypersensitivity (DH), bone graft substitutes for periodontal and maxillofacial defects, and as bioactive fillers in restorative materials. Evidence supports its effectiveness in reducing DH and promoting mineral deposition; however, outcomes are often comparable, rather than superior to conventional fluoride-based therapies. In addition, bioglass exhibits antibacterial properties through pH elevation and ionic effects, with further enhancement achievable via ion doping. Despite these advantages, limitations such as brittleness, processing challenges, and long-term durability of coatings and composites remain concerns. Future research should focus on optimizing composition, improving mechanical properties, and conducting long-term clinical trials to validate its efficacy. Overall, bioglass represents a promising multifunctional biomaterial that bridges the gap between passive dental materials and biologically active therapeutic systems.