Abstract
Abstract This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of the ozone micro and nanobubbles (MNB) system aimed at enhancing water purification efficiency. First, the formation mechanisms and stability factors of micro/nanobubbles were analyzed through mathematical modeling. The results showed that nanobubbles have a stability lifetime of 25 – 60 days and generate 1.5 – 2 times higher OH radical concentrations compared to conventional ozonation. Laboratory experiments conducted in a 50 L reactor with a high-frequency ozonator demonstrated 95 – 98 % methylene blue oxidation within 15 minutes, over 99% disinfection efficiency, and around 30% lower ozone consumption than traditional methods. At the pilot scale, the combined ozone – electrical discharge system achieved 90% COD reduction in 20 minutes while decreasing energy consumption by approximately 30%. These findings highlight the high mass transfer efficiency, extended stability, and energy – economic advantages of MNB technology, demonstrating its strong potential for sustainable large-scale water treatment applications.