Abstract
In recent years, the rapid advancement of scientific research focused on microbial communities has led to the emergence of novel molecular approaches. Among these, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology has become one of the most effective tools, enabling high-precision and rapid analysis of the genetic material of microorganisms. This technology is widely applied in microbiome research, allowing for the identification of taxonomic composition, assessment of microbial diversity, and analysis of functional potential. Milk and dairy products provide a favorable environment for microbial growth; therefore, investigating their microbiological composition is essential for ensuring food safety and quality control. The application of NGS technology offers significant opportunities to characterize microbial community structures in milk and dairy products, analyze microbial interactions, and evaluate microbiological factors affecting product quality. This article reviews the historical development of NGS technology, metagenomic analysis methods, and key approaches to microbiome research. In addition, it examines the main directions of NGS application in the study of milk and dairy product microbiomes. The analysis of literature data demonstrates that NGS technology serves as an important scientific tool for investigating the microbiological composition of dairy products and ensuring food safety.