Abstract
the translation of cultural realities in literary works constitutes a significant area of translation studies, directly affecting the transmission of the original text's meaning and cultural value.This study takes Jack London's semiautobiographical novel Martin Eden as its research object, employing a comparative analysis approach to systematically examine the translation strategies and methods employed for culturally marked vocabulary in Russian and Chinese translations.The study focuses on three dimensionsethnoculturally specific phenomena, socio-cultural concepts, and characters' speech stylescomparing the translation methods adopted by different translators when handling the same cultural realities and evaluating their effectiveness.The findings reveal that the translation of ethnoculturally specific phenomena primarily employs transliteration, free translation, and annotation; the translation of socio-cultural concepts tends toward functional equivalence and domestication strategies; and the rendering of characters' speech styles depends heavily on the translator's literary competence and linguistic sensitivity.The study further reveals that the choice of translation methods is constrained by multiple factors, including cultural distance, target reader acceptability, translator subjectivity, and prevailing translation norms.The differences in the transmission of cultural realities across translations reflect the varying balances that translators strike between cultural fidelity and reader accessibility.This research offers valuable insights for literary translation practice, translation pedagogy, and cross-cultural communication studies.