Abstract
The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of a knowledge-intensive economy in Kazakhstan in the context of the transition to a knowledge-based economy. An analysis of international indicators for assessing the knowledge economy and Kazakhstan’s position in relevant rankings is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the structure of R&D expenditures by sector and to examples of the development of innovation infrastructure in the form of special economic zones and clusters. The study substantiates the need to strengthen innovative activity and proposes a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the knowledge-intensive economy, including tax incentives, the development of innovation infrastructure, and support for scientific and technological projects.