Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cattle remains one of the most critical challenges in veterinary medicine, causing significant economic losses to the dairy industry due to reduced productivity and impaired raw milk quality. This article presents the results of large-scale studies aimed at optimizing therapeutic and preventive approaches to inflammatory udder diseases in cows under industrial farming conditions. The research covered key agricultural regions of Kazakhstan: Kostanay, Karaganda, Turkistan, East Kazakhstan, and West Kazakhstan regions. The diagnostic algorithm was based on a comprehensive approach, including thorough clinical examination of the herd, milk sedimentation testing, and mastitis screening to identify subclinical forms of the pathology. Bacteriological analysis of the collected udder secretion samples allowed for the verification of the etiological structure of the pathogens, revealing that Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus equisimilis, and Escherichia coli play a leading role in the development of the infectious process. Morphofunctional analysis revealed a specific pattern in the localization of inflammatory foci, with the right rear quarter of the udder being the most frequently affected. A key stage of the study was the comparative assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of several antibacterial agents, including Bicillin-3, Bicillin-5, Nitox, Mastisan-A, Mastigard, and the Ceftisil + Startvac combination. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the highest therapeutic efficacy was achieved with Mastigard, which resulted in clinical recovery in 90% of cases. Based on the empirical data obtained, the authors have developed and scientifically substantiated a comprehensive protocol for the treatment and specific prevention of mastitis. The proposed protocol significantly enhances the effectiveness of veterinary interventions, contributing to the preservation of milk productivity and ensuring the veterinary and sanitary well-being of dairy farms.