Abstract
This study examined the impact of environmental transformations on migration behavior under conditions of environmental degradation, water scarcity, and soil exhaustion. A comparative analysis was conducted in vulnerable regions of Uzbekistan, Iran, China, and Kazakhstan using spatio-temporal demographic and environmental data. Findings revealed demographic shifts such as increased migration, youth out-migration, and declining fertility, alongside high mortality and morbidity in Kazakhstan. Legal frameworks evolved from declarative to adaptive policies. Results confirm the interrelation of environment, society, and migration, underscoring the need for integrated regional policies to address environmentally induced migration.