Abstract
The growing influx of foreign students into the Republic of Kazakhstan underscores the importance of understanding their adaptation to the university environment. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by foreign students during this adaptation process and to propose effective solutions. The study employed methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and an author-designed questionnaire, “Success of the Adaptation Process”. Key concepts such as “adaptation” and “social-pedagogical adaptation factors” were examined, and the differences between social and psychological adaptation were explored. Findings indicate that foreign students encounter various challenges, including language barriers, communication difficulties with teachers, discrepancies in educational systems (especially in assessment), and issues related to dormitory life. The study also revealed that adaptation stress is most intense during the first year of study and decreases in subsequent years. A questionnaire of 1769 foreign students at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University showed that while most students faced difficulties, 60% reported a high level of satisfaction with their education and social adaptation. The research highlights the importance of teachers in facilitating the adaptation process. To address the challenges, the study recommends methods such as joint activities with local students and teachers, long-term language courses, and the use of social networks. The study also emphasizes the role of mentors in accelerating adaptation. The results of this study can inform university management and educators in Kazakhstan, enhancing the integration of foreign students and improving international education.