Frequency of islet autoantibody seropositivity among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Kazakh population: A cross‐sectional study

Khatimya I. Kudabayeva, Bibigul Tleumagambetova, Yerlan Bazargaliyev, Lorina Vudu

Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 2026

Full text Open access: Gold Metadata (CSL-JSON)
DOI 10.1111/jdi.70312
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous condition, and a proportion of patients show autoimmune features consistent with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This study assessed the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T2DM patients of Kazakh ethnicity. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 240 patients (30–75 years) with newly diagnosed T2DM in the Aktobe region, Kazakhstan (May 2024–January 2025). Clinical data, HbA1c, and fasting C‐peptide were measured. Autoantibodies (GADA, ZnT8A, IA‐2A, ICA‐ELISA) were determined by ELISA. Results Overall, 25.8% of patients were positive for at least one islet autoantibody. ZnT8A (13.3%) and GADA (5.8%) were the most frequent, while IA‐2A and ICA‐ELISA were rare (0.8% each). Double positivity was observed in 4.6% of patients, and triple positivity in 0.4%. GADA was associated with lower BMI (kg/m 2 ), higher HbA1c, and reduced C‐peptide, while ZnT8A was linked to lower C‐peptide. Logistic regression confirmed C‐peptide as the main predictor of autoantibody positivity.