Semantic Features of Native Kazakh Words Included in the Dictionaries of the 18th-20th Centuries

Г. М. Мамырбек, A. Seitbekova, N. Zhumakhanova

2026

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DOI 10.55491/2411-6076-2026-1-66-78
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The lexical fund of the Kazakh language is one of the principal layers reflecting the historical development of the nation, its worldview, culture, and way of life. A special place within it is occupied by native Kazakh words, which constitute the most ancient stratum of the language. The data on the Kazakh language recorded in dictionaries of the 18th20th centuries represent a valuable source for identifying the stages of its development and formation. The native Kazakh words included in these dictionaries perform not only a nominative function but also reflect the social relations, everyday life, and ethnocultural values of their respective periods. An analysis of the semantic structure of native words documented in the lexicographic works of this period makes it possible to identify the processes of their semantic development and the formation of figurative meanings. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the historical development of native Kazakh words recorded in the dictionaries of the 18th-20th centuries through the analysis of their semantic structure. The study also seeks to demonstrate the connection of native vocabulary with historical, social, and cultural factors. The study of the semantic features of native Kazakh words incorporated into dictionaries of the 18th-20th centuries is one of the pressing issues in historical lexicography, historical lexicology, and historical semasiology, as well as an important scholarly task aimed at a comprehensive understanding of the history of the language. The article identifies the relationship between the meanings of native words and historical, social, and cultural factors and demonstrates their place in the national worldview. The research findings may serve as an important source for the study of language history, historical lexicology, and historical word formation.