Study of The Anatomo-Morphological Structure of Aboveground and Underground Parts of Iris scariosa Growing in The Karaganda Region (Central Kazakhstan)

Аilazzat А. Aitkenova, Margarita Ishmuratova, Gayane A. Atazhanova, Karakoz Zh. Badekova, Arailym M. Tazhina, Sydykova Zh. Ainur

2026

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DOI 10.52711/0974-360x.2026.00233
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

The article is dedicated to the anatomical study of the structure of the plant Iris scariosa L., which grows in Kazakhstan. This plant is known for its rich chemical composition and pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antimicrobial effects. During the research, cross-sections and surface preparations of both the aboveground and underground organs of the plant were prepared. The results of the analysis allowed for the identification of characteristic features of the structure of Iris scariosa L. organs, which is important for understanding its biology and potential use in medicine. The main diagnostic traits identified include the shape and color of the shoots, leaves, petals, and fruit capsules, as well as the structure of epidermal cells. Additionally, the rhizome possesses a protective structure, and the root parenchyma contains calcium oxalate crystals, indicating mineral accumulation. This work emphasizes the significance of microscopic analysis of plants, which contributes to their more effective use in medical applications and pharmaceuticals. Materials and Methods: The object of the researches was the aboveground and underground parts of Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link, collected in Karaganda region (Central Kazakhstan), in May – July, 2024. The identification of this raw material was carried out at Buketov University at the Botany Department, Faculty of Biology and Geography. During the study, micro preparations of both aboveground and underground organs of Iris scariosa were prepared. These samples were analyzed using a BIOLAM microscope with digital camera Altamy (Russian Federation). The results: The microscopic structure of plant allowed identifying the characteristic features, which are important for understanding its biology and potential medicinal uses. Additionally, during the study, the plant’s diagnostic characteristics that can be applied in pharmacognosy for the identification and verification of the authenticity of plant raw materials were determined. Conclusion: The data obtained on the structure of leaves, flowers, and rhizomes are significant for enhancing our understanding of the biology of the plant and its adaptation to the conditions of Central Kazakhstan. The results of this research are able to use for official applied Iris scariosa as raw material in medicine and pharmacy.