Abstract
This review article discusses the dependence of the strength of geopolymers based on granulated blast furnace slag on the main technological and chemical-mineral factors. The analysis of the effect of calcium content, molar ratios (SiO₂/Al₂O₃, Na₂O/SiO₂, H₂O/Na₂O), hardening temperature, specific surface area of particles and the introduction of mineral additives on the formation of the structure and mechanical characteristics is carried out. Who showed that the strongest positive relationship is observed between the specific surface area of the slag and early strength (r ≈ 0.82), as well as between the optimal alkalinity modulus Na₂O/SiO₂ and durability (r ≈ 0.78). At the same time, excessive calcium content and exceeding the hardening temperature above 85°C correlate with the risk of microcracking (r ≈ -0.65). The total results confirm that the regulation of alkaline activation and slag dispersion parameters allows controlling the processes of structure formation, ensuring both early and long-term strength. The presented conclusions can be used in the development of practical recommendations for the design of slag geopolymers for various climates and purposes.