Abstract
In modern conditions, the problem of increasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is becoming particularly relevant due to global climate change and the need to transition to a sustainable model of economic development. The increasing carbon burden on the economy requires the formation of effective environmental regulation mechanisms aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving production energy efficiency. The aim of the study is to analyze the economic mechanisms for regulating CO₂ emissions and their role in ensuring sustainable economic development. The research employed methods of comparative and economic-statistical analysis, as well as methods of systematic generalization of scientific research in the field of environmental economics. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of CO₂ emissions per capita in selected countries of the world for 2021-2023 was conducted. The research results showed that the level of carbon burden varies significantly between countries and is largely determined by the structure of the economy, the level of industrialization, and energy policy. It was established that countries with a high share of fossil fuels in their energy balance are characterized by higher CO₂ emission rates. Based on the analysis, a system of economic mechanisms for regulating CO₂ emissions is substantiated, including carbon pricing, environmental taxation, stimulating the development of renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and developing green financial instruments. The implementation of these mechanisms contributes to reducing the carbon intensity of the economy and forming a sustainable model of economic development.