Abstract
In large-scale cloud environments, virtualization plays an important role in application deployment, load distribution, and efficient management of platform resources and services. Along with traditional methods such as virtual machines, the use of containerization technology is becoming increasingly popular. Containers provide a simpler and faster way to virtualize than virtual machines, speeding up the process of deploying and managing applications in an isolated environment, allowing them to run and ensure efficient use of resources. Containers are also the best option for developers who test application components and microservice architecture. As a result, containerization is becoming the preferred choice for modern cloud environments and business needs. Accordingly, this work is focused on the study of modern and currently known containerization technologies. The article provides an overview of modern containerization and orchestration technologies, focusing on the performance parameters of containers, supported operating systems, scaling capabilities, replication and resource management, classification by container type, and analysis of these tools. The work presents well-known container solutions such as Docker, Docker Swarm, Kubernetes (K8s), Marathon and others, and analyzes based on criteria such as types of workloads, ease of management, file system isolation, network isolation, processor scheduling, limiting the use of system resources, save/restore capability, live migration capability, autoscaling levels, supported templates, and explores the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. This work will be useful for information technology professionals in choosing the most suitable tool for deploying applications and implementing their cloud strategies.