Abstract
A comprehensive overview of modern methods for diagnosing thoracalgia is presented, ranging from traditional radiological examinations to innovative neuroimaging techniques. The article emphasizes the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for determining the etiology of pain and selecting optimal treatment strategies. Particular attention is given to somatosensory evoked potentials and multimodal neurophysiological monitoring, which make it possible to detect disturbances in nerve impulse conduction and help prevent damage to neural structures during surgical procedures. The prospects of using neuroimaging techniques are also discussed, including functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These approaches allow the identification of pain biomarkers and contribute to the development of personalized treatment strategies. The article represents a valuable resource for physicians and researchers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of thoracalgia and highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach that combines traditional and innovative methods to achieve the best outcomes in the management of patients with this common condition.