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2026
It is built from checkable properties of the record itself: whether the article has a DOI, how many independent sources confirmed its data, whether the required fields are filled in, and how recent the latest confirmation is. Disagreement between sources and a missing identifier lower it. A value of 80 or above means the record was published without further checking; 60 to 79 means it is published at reduced confidence, with a manual check advisable. A record verified by an editor by hand is never pushed below 90 by a recalculation. This scores our data about the article, not the article itself.
Kazakhstan's higher medical education system has been transitioning toward competency-based learning models that emphasize integration between theoretical instruction and workplace practice. Dual education, which combines academic coursework with structured training at professional sites, represents a promising strategy for developing practical competencies in Public Health programs. However, systematic evaluation of its implementation in medical universities remains limited.