Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive review of modern approaches to the development and use of fiber-optic gyroscopes in inertial navigation systems, especially in the absence or distortion of satellite signals. The operating principles of interferometric and resonant fiber-optic gyroscopes based on the Sagnac effect, their design features, advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional mechanical gyroscopes are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the results of modeling an interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope in the MATLAB environment, taking into account the effect of the length and diameter of the optical coil on sensitivity, the level of random interference and zero instability. Integration of fiber optic gyroscopes into autonomous navigation systems remains a challenging engineering task requiring design optimization, signal processing algorithm improvement, adaptation to multi-sensor systems, and increased real-time data collection efficiency. The presented results and conclusions require high accuracy and reliability of navigation for applications in aviation, marine transport, space industry, geodesy, and robotics.