Abstract
The article explores the current trends in the development of the world economy based on integration processes, emphasizing the growing interdependence of national economies under globalization. The analysis focuses on the European Union, where since the large-scale enlargement of 2004 the rapid expansion phase has given way to a period of adaptation and structural transformation. Special attention is paid to Poland, which ranks sixth among EU economies and has shown dynamic growth in the period 2000–2024. Statistical analysis of GDP, exports, and imports demonstrates that EU membership contributed to modernization of industry, diversification of trade, and improvement of the foreign trade balance, which turned positive after 2015. The study reveals that the elimination of customs barriers, harmonization of legislation, and access to EU funds became key drivers of Poland’s economic development, while integration also increased dependence on intra-European markets. The results confirm that EU member states gain the greatest benefits from integration, while the Polish case provides useful lessons for countries of Central and Eastern Europe seeking sustainable growth through regional integration.