Abstract
In the context of the accelerating global sustainable development, environmental information disclosure has become an important tool that allows firms to respond to external forces. Over the last few years, different disclosure frameworks have emerged, with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) becoming two widely used standards worldwide. Such frameworks encourage firms to pursue more transparent and responsible reporting. This study takes GRI and SASB as its research objects. It identifies the differences between these two frameworks and illustrates them through case studies of Solidcore Resources, a mining firm, and Kaspi.kz, a fintech platform firm, both based in Kazakhstan. The findings suggest that GRI, rooted in a stakeholder-oriented logic, emphasizes the completeness of disclosed information and its broader relevance to stakeholder groups. By comparison, SASB reflects an investor-oriented perspective and places greater emphasis on internally focused information that is financially material to firms. The two standards can therefore be complementary. In addition, variations in firms’ environmental information disclosure are shaped not only by regulatory requirements but also by industry environmental sensitivity, investor structure, and industry leadership.