Abstract
This study presents a systematic review of 35 experimental publications (2014–2024) evaluating the potential of Kazakhstani fly ash (FA) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) for the production of geopolymer binders. The chemical and mineralogical composition of raw materials, physical–mechanical properties (compressive strength, density, water absorption, frost resistance), and the influence of alkaline activation parameters (NaOH molarity, water glass modulus, curing temperature) on the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels were summarized and assessed using correlation and linear regression analysis. The results show that FA:GBFS ratios of 40:60–50:50 provide a synergistic effect, allowing compressive strength of 55–60 MPa under mild curing (25–60 °C) and reducing the cost of geopolymer concrete by 45–55% compared to ordinary Portland cement. The study confirms the high technical and economic viability of local industrial by-products for sustainable construction.