Abstract
Rising energy prices, stricter environmental requirements, and the transition to a low-carbon development model increase the urgency of optimizing revenue and expenses for electric power companies. For Kazakhstan, this task is further complicated by the high share of coal-fired generation, technological and infrastructural limitations, and the need to adapt management systems to the requirements of the energy transition. The objective of the study was to analyze the financial performance of electric power companies and substantiate revenue and expense optimization strategies using management accounting and economic analysis tools. The study analyzed production and financial-economic indicators, as well as conducted a factor and correlation analysis of profit. The study results showed that the main factors influencing financial performance are cost level, operating expense structure, and operational efficiency. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between profit before tax and operating and gross profit, indicating that financial performance is primarily dependent on operational efficiency. Furthermore, it was found that revenue growth without cost control does not ensure sustainable profit growth. Reducing unit costs, improving operational efficiency, and implementing management accounting tools (ABC costing, variance analysis, and marginal KPIs) are key to enhancing the financial stability of electric power organizations. Revenue and expense optimization should be aligned with energy efficiency and renewable energy development. Improving management accounting systems and applying factor analysis enhance the validity of management decisions and contribute to the sustainable development of the electric power sector during the energy transition.