Abstract
Comparative linguistic research is essential for uncovering both universal traits and culture— specific features within the phraseological systems of unrelated languages. Within this framework, similes– a category of phraseological units with intricate and layered semantic structures– require thorough linguistic and cultural examination. This study explores similes associated with human imagery in English and Chinese, emphasizing their symbolic and descriptive dimensions. These expressions capture diverse facets of a person’s physical traits, personality, emotions, and social behavior. For instance, the English simile “as quick as lightning” figuratively denotes exceptional speed, whereas the Chinese expression 浑身是胆 (hún shēn shì dǎn) –portrays someone as “filled with courage and boldness.” Using comparative, descriptive, and contrastive approaches, the study identifies and categorizes thematic- semantic types of human related similes in both languages. Drawing on analyses from both domestic and international scholars, similes are classified into six primary groups: (1) personality and intellect, (2) physical state, (3) appearance, (4) life and activity, (5) emotional condition, and (6) social interactions.The results reveal key similarities and differences in how English and Chinese similes depict human characteristics. Theoretically, this research advances contrastive linguistics, cognitive semantics, and cultural linguistics by proposing a structured thematic- semantic classification of similes.Practically, this study can aid language learners, translators, and educators by enhancing their understanding of culturally appropriate simile usage in English and Chinese communication.