THERAPY FOR MYELOID SARCOMA INVOLVING THE BREAST: A CLINICAL CASE

S. Gabbasova, Zaure Dushimova, Raigul Ramazanova, Ilia Poliatskin, M. Valiyeva, M. Akhmetova, N. Ashimbek

2026

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DOI 10.52532/2521-6414-2026-1-710
Data confidence 70 medium
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Abstract

Relevance: Myeloid sarcoma of the breast is an extremely rare extramedullary tumor of myeloid origin composed of immature myeloid cells. Overall, myeloid sarcoma occurs in approximately 2–8% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, while isolated forms are observed in about 0.4-2.4% of cases. Breast involvement is reported in approximately 0.12% of patients, with only a limited number of such cases described in the literature. Clinical and radiological manifestations are nonspecific and may mimic breast carcinoma or lymphoma, making timely diagnosis challenging and highlighting the need for the accumulation of clinical data.The study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of combined chemo-targeted therapy in a patient with breast myeloid sarcoma, based on a clinical case and a literature review.Materials and Methods: This article presents a clinical case of a patient with myeloid sarcoma of the breast. The comprehensive diagnostic evaluation included positron emission tomography (PET/CT) and pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens. Clinical course and treatment response were assessed.Results: The presented case illustrates myeloid sarcoma of the breast, a very rare site of extramedullary involvement. Despite the extent of disease, combined chemoradiotherapy resulted in a complete metabolic response and sustained remission. These findings highlight the potential of a multimodal therapeutic approach in this rare condition.Conclusion: The choice of therapeutic strategy is determined by the timeliness and accuracy of diagnosis, which makes the diagnostic stage a key component of the clinical management algorithm. Morphological examination with immunohistochemical verification is essential. Modern treatment approaches increasingly combine intensive chemotherapy and targeted therapy, improving treatment efficacy and enhancing patient survival.